Volume 12 | Issue 3

 Abstract

THE IMPACT OF GST ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN INDIA

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THE IMPACT OF GST ON SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN INDIA

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 Abstract

The primary objective of this project is to simultaneously control both DC and AC loads. Specifically, we aim to regulate the speed of a DC fan and a DC motor, as well as adjust the intensity of an AC bulb. Traditional button-based control systems often lack sensitivity and require multiple buttons presses to navigate through options, making it difficult for users to locate the desired function. Our proposed universal remote control addresses these limitations by utilizing a MATLAB interface on a computer display. This Project approach provides a user friendly and efficient means of controlling devices. By leveraging a standardized wireless platform, we aim to offer a solution that is simple, reliable, cost-effective, and energy-efficient, suitable for a wide range of remote monitoring and control applications. The system comprises a microcontroller, input, and output modules. The microcontroller acts as a central control unit, mediating between the input and output components. Users interact with the system through a computer equipped with MATLAB software, which serves as a graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI enables users to control the bulb, DC fan, and DC motor by sending commands to the microcontroller. The microcontroller, in turn, processes these commands and executes the necessary control actions.

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 Keywords

MATLAB Software, GUI interface in MATLAB, Microcontroller, ZigBee Technology, TRAIC.

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This paper presents a solar-powered safety stick designed to enhance the safety and well-being of farmers working in isolated and hazardous environments. The device integrates a solar charging system, LED flashlight, GPS-GSM-based emergency alert system, and environmental sensors to detect harmful gases and monitor temperature and humidity. It allows real-time alerts during emergencies, helping ensure timely assistance. Lightweight, durable, and energy-efficient, the stick is tailored for rugged agricultural conditions. Field testing confirmed its effectiveness and usability. This innovation promotes safer farming practices while supporting sustainable, renewable energy solutions in rural and remote agricultural communities..

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Solar panel, 12V Battery, Arduino, DC motor, GPS, GSM, LDR Sensor, LEDs

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This paper presents an IoT-enabled Battery Management System (BMS) designed for electric vehicles, focusing on real-time monitoring and control of lithium-ion battery parameters. Utilizing a PIC microcontroller, the system ensures battery safety and efficiency through automated charging, temperature regulation, and cloud-based data visualization. The solution enhances battery lifespan and lays the foundation for future advancements in smart EV energy management.

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Internet of Things (IoT), State of Charge (SoC), PIC Microcontroller, Temperature Monitoring, Real- Time Data, Battery Safety.

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This project presents the wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging technology enables the charging of electric cars without physical connections, utilizing resonant inductive coupling between power transmitting and receiving coils. This innovative approach allows for automatic charging when a vehicle is parked over a charging pad, similar to gas stations. The system incorporates a solar power bank that charges batteries using solar energy, promoting sustainability. An embedded controller displays charging time and tariff rates, enhancing user experience. This technology promises convenience and efficiency, paving the way for widespread adoption of wireless EV charging stations in urban and rural areas alike.

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Charging pad, embedded controller, wireless electric vehicle (EV) charging technology.

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This project presents an innovative, fully automated waste management system that significantly reduces human involvement in the collection, transportation, and disposal of garbage. The system employs a driverless, garbage carrying rail running on a narrow track between waste collection points and a designated dumping yard. Citizens deposit their waste into the container, and once it is full, the system is activated by pressing a start button. The rail moves the container to the dumping yard, where a limit switch ensures it halts at the precise location adjacent to a unique furnace equipped with thermodynamic devices. The garbage is automatically unloaded into the furnace's hot chamber, where it is incinerated. The furnace converts the generated heat energy into electrical energy, which is further transformed into a 230V AC single-phase supply.

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Automated Waste Management, Generating electrical energy from heat, Rail-Based Waste Transport, 89C2051 Microcontroller, PWM IC, Motor Driver Circuit.

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This paper presents the development of a prototype Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) designed to extract potable water from humid air using Thermo-Electric Coolers (TECs). Leveraging the Peltier effect, the system condenses water vapor into liquid by creating a temperature differential across TEC modules. The cold side induces condensation, while the hot side is cooled using heat sinks and DC fans for optimal performance. An LM35 temperature sensor monitors the cold side, with real-time data processed via an Arduino Uno and displayed on an LCD. IoT functionality is enabled through an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, allowing remote temperature monitoring. Although limited in scale, the prototype validates the feasibility of atmospheric water generation, offering a potential solution for clean water access in arid and coastal regions. Future enhancements, including solar integration, could further improve its efficiency and sustainability.

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Atmospheric Water Generator, Thermo- Electric Cooler, Peltier Effect, Water Condensation, Arduino Uno, LM35 Sensor, ESP8266 Wi-Fi, Humid Air, Heat Sink, Renewable Energy.

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This paper details an automatic vehicle headlight dimmer and obstacle detection system. Using LDRs, the system automatically adjusts high-power LED headlight intensity to prevent glare from oncoming vehicles and adapt to fog. An ultrasonic sensor provides obstacle alerts via a buzzer and initiates automatic braking. Controlled by a microcontroller, this integrated solution enhances road safety.

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 Keywords

LDR, Microcontroller, Ultrasonic sensor

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The rapid advancements in automation have revolutionized various industries, particularly in electronics and power systems. This project presents a cloud- assisted IoT-based SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) substation monitoring and alert system designed to enhance efficiency, reliability, and remote accessibility. The proposed system monitors critical parameters such as temperature, voltage, and current using dedicated sensors. These analog sensor readings are converted to digital values via an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and processed by a microcontroller. The system features an LCD for real-time parameter display and a buzzer that activates when predefined threshold limits are exceeded. Additionally, remote monitoring and control capabilities are enabled through a Wi-Fi module, allowing users to access data from any location. The primary advantages of the system include high-speed response, broad sensor connectivity, and seamless remote operation through advanced communication protocols. While automation enhances efficiency, it also poses challenges such as potential job displacement. The system is implemented using hardware components such as an Arduino UNO, sensors, relays, and communication modules, with software support from the Arduino IDE and Embedded C. This innovative SCADA system provides a cost-effective and scalable solution for substation monitoring and management.

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Substation Monitoring, SCADA Security,Alert System, Embedded Systems, IoT, Arduino UNO

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This project enhances defense capabilities with an advanced dual-sensor system that detects and locates enemy positions along the X and Y axes. The system provides precise spatial data, calculates the estimated time of arrival (ETA) of threats, and securely stores it on a local server with robust password authentication. Authorized personnel can access real-time data from various smart devices via Wi-Fi, enabling rapid response and decision-making. The user-friendly web interface offers strategic insights, improving situational awareness and strengthening defense operations' security posture. This comprehensive solution empowers defense forces with actionable intelligence, enhancing their ability to respond to threats effectively.

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Defense capabilities, Dual-sensor system, Enemy detection, Positioning (X and Y axes), Spatial data, Estimated time of arrival (ETA), Data security, Password authentication.

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This paper presents the design and practical implementation of hardware prototype and software to simulate the multi-directional elevator system, which is quite useful for the people for crossing the railway tracks at railway stations and for crossing the busy Roads. In addition to the vertical motion, the same system also travels in horizontal direction to reach other end of the road and from there the elevator cabin will be lowered to the ground level. 89C52 microcontroller is used to control the elevator. As for the hardware prototype, it is used to simulate the elevator system with three DC motors to control the movement and motion of the elevator in vertical as well as horizontal direction. Limit switches are used and they are arranged at various points of mechanical structure to identify the position of the elevator. As a power source , solar energy is used to run the mechanism. For this purpose 12V-10Watts solar panel is used and its output is connected to the rechargeable battery. The proposed system is an advanced multi-directional mobility platform designed to integrate both vertical and horizontal motion, aimed at providing universal accessibility in high-density urban environments.

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Microcontroller, DC motor, Solar panel, Relays, Limit Switches,12V Battery.

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 Abstract

The Solar-Piezo Hybrid Power Charging System is a sustainable, smart energy solution designed to harness power from both solar and mechanical vibration sources. This hybrid system uses a solar panel producing between 12V to 18V and a piezoelectric transducer generating approximately 0.5V from mechanical pressure (e.g., human footsteps or environmental vibrations). The piezoelectric signal is rectified through a bridge rectifier and both energy sources feed into a common battery for storage. A voltage sensor continuously monitors the battery level and sends this data to a NodeMCU (ESP8266) microcontroller. The system uses a DC to AC inverter and a step-up transformer to convert the stored DC voltage into a usable 230V AC output, making it suitable for powering standard electrical appliances via a socket. Additionally, the NodeMCU facilitates real-time monitoring through IoT (Internet of Things) integration, sending system data via Wi- Fi and displaying live output values and battery status on an LCD screen. This makes the system not only energy efficient but also smart and user-friendly. This hybrid model demonstrates how renewable energy from both sunlight and mechanical motion can be effectively utilized for reliable power generation, making it suitable for remote areas, emergency power supplies, and smart home applications.

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 Keywords

Piezo electric plates, Solar panel, Bridge rectifier, Node MCU, LCD display, Inverter circuit, Battery, Pocket IOT, Socket.

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